Enterprise benefits

In 1989, Belgian scientists first identified heavy-chain-only antibodies (HCAbs) in camel serum. These ~90 kDa antibodies consist of a disulfide-linked Fc region (hinge, CH2, CH3) and two VHH domains. Nanobodies (Nb) are the recombinant VHH domains derived from HCAbs.

In recent years, nanobodies are widely used in medicine, biology and industry for their small size, high stability and easy engineering. They improve tumor imaging, act as targeted drug carriers, enable rapid pathogen detection, serve as molecular scaffolds, develop biosensors, support large-scale industrial production, and become a key interdisciplinary tool, increasing demand for camelid immunity and nanobody screening.